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Eurozone Greek bailout talks begin in Brussels

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By Robert Damon

Eurozone finance ministers are holding talks in Brussels aimed at securing a second vital bailout for Greece.

They have said they are hopeful of reaching a deal, with France's Finance Minister Francois Baroin saying all the elements are in place.

Athens needs the 130bn euros (£110bn; $170bn) in order to avoid bankruptcy next month, when loans must be repaid.

The rescue plan would also write off 100bn euros of debt, with private lenders accepting a 70% reduction in what Greece owes them.

In return, they would receive cash and new bonds, expected to mature in 30 years' time.

Negotiations to write off even more debt are being held in parallel in Brussels between Greek officials and their international lenders on the one hand, and bank chiefs on the other, say officials.

This is the second time Greece has sought a bailout from international lenders.

Jean-Claude Juncker - prime minister of Luxembourg and chairman of the eurozone finance ministers group - said Greece had fulfilled many of the conditions asked of it and he was hopeful the talks would be the final consultations.

German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schaeuble also said he was optimistic a deal would be reached, while Mr Baroin said he would plead for the deal.

But as the talks began, Dutch Finance Minister Jan Kees De Jager said he would like to see some kind of permanent presence by the EU, International Monetary Fund (IMF) and European Central Bank (ECB) over Greece's revenues and public expenditure.

After five straight years of recession, Greece now has a debt greater than 160% of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

Eurozone leaders and the IMF said in October that Greek debt should be reduced to the more sustainable level of 120% of GDP by 2020.

Successive rounds of austerity measures, demanded by Greece's international creditors have failed to restore growth and have provoked clashes between protesters and police.

The Greek government fell last year after ex-Prime Minister George Papandreou called for a referendum on the eurozone rescue package.

He was replaced by Lucas Papademos, an unelected technocrat who is expected to lead Greece until parliamentary elections in April.

Measures passed by parliament last week set out 3.3bn euros' worth of cuts to salaries and pensions, and health and defense spending.

Several thousand people protested in Athens on Sunday against further cuts agreed by Mr Papademos' cabinet on Saturday - but the numbers were far reduced from the tens of thousands who protested last week.

IMF chief Christine Lagarde praised the work Greece had done so far and said the IMF was ready to work with them.

US Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said the US was encouraging the IMF to support the bailout, but it is not clear how much the IMF will contribute.

Some eurozone finance ministers doubt Greece's commitment to its spending pledges and want strong mechanisms to ensure its debts are paid.

It is not yet clear how the eurozone intends to keep the pressure on Greece to ensure it fulfills its commitments, says the BBC's Europe editor.

And, he adds, there are doubts that even with the bailout Greece will be able to reduce its debt to a sustainable level.

Funds from elsewhere may need to be found as a first rescue fund of 110bn euros in 2010 was not enough to avert the crisis.

 

 

 

 

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George Orwell - 1984

 

1984 es una de las obras más importantes de la ciencia-ficción, y clave dentro del subgénero de la ficción distópica. Su titulo es debido al año en el que está ambientada. Y aunque pueda parecer extraño, es una novela futurista ya que fue escrita a finales de los 40.
 
Ambientada en la Inglaterra de este hipotético 1984, en una sociedad absolutista-comunista, dirigida por el todopoderoso Gran Hermano. El lider del Partido, que todo lo ve. Literalmente. De hecho, el nombre del famosos reality show está cogido de esta novela. En las calles, e incluso en las casas de cada persona hay “telepantallas” que controlan cada movimiento. Y el mínimo indicio de actividad extraña supondría una visita de la Policia del Pensamiento… Incluso las noticias del pasado se modifican para que encajen con  la realidad del presente.
 
En este contexto vive Winston Smith, una persona que tiene vagos recuerdos de tiempos mejores, y que siente que algo no encaja. Algo no funciona como debería en esa sociedad, en la que todos adoran ciegamente al Partido. 
 
Orwell crea en este libro un ambiente extraordinariamente opresivo, al que se le añade un realismo que te hace pensar que esta sociedad podría existir realmente. Quizás por esto mucha gente se niega a encuadrar el libro en el genero de la ciencia-ficción. En cualquier caso, una lectura obligada, tanto por lo entretenido de la novela, como por las profundas reflexiones que pueden realizarse una vez concluída.